Preheat the air fryer to 375°F for a few minutes.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, water, garlic powder, onion powder, paprika, salt, and black pepper until smooth.
Add the cauliflower florets and toss until evenly coated.
Lightly spray the air fryer basket with cooking spray.
Arrange the coated cauliflower in a single layer in the basket, leaving space between the pieces. Cook in batches if needed.
Air fry for 10 to 12 minutes, flipping halfway through, until the coating looks set and lightly golden.
In a small bowl, mix the buffalo sauce with the melted butter or olive oil.
Transfer the cauliflower to a bowl and gently toss with the buffalo sauce mixture.
Return the cauliflower to the air fryer and cook for another 5 to 6 minutes until crispy and hot.
Serve immediately with ranch or blue cheese dip if desired.